Population
At the end of June 2022, 586,020 New Zealand-born people were living in Australia, 2.9 per cent more than the number (569,630) at 30 June 2012. This is the fourth largest migrant community in Australia, equivalent to 7.6 per cent of Australia's overseas-born population and 2.3 per cent of Australia's total population.
For Australia's New Zealand-born migrants:
- The median age of 46.0 years was 7.5 years above that of the general population.
- Males outnumbered females—50.8 per cent compared with 49.2 per cent.
(Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australia’s Population by Country of Birth)
Permanent migration
Australia's permanent Migration Program incorporates economic and family migration and is the main pathway to permanent residence. It includes the Skill stream, Family stream and Special Eligibility visas. The only other way to obtain permanent residence is on humanitarian grounds.
Skill stream visas
The Skill stream is designed for workers who have the skills, qualifications and entrepreneurship most needed in the Australian economy. There are seven components:
Business Innovation and Investment
Distinguished Talent
Employer Sponsored
Global Talent (Independent)
Regional
Skilled Independent
State/Territory Nominated.
Family and Child stream visas
The Family stream allows the permanent migration of close family members, of Australian citizens, permanent residents, and eligible New Zealand citizens. It focuses on partners and parents, but also provides the opportunity for additional family members, such as aged dependent relatives, carers, remaining relatives and orphan relatives, to join their family in Australia.
Child visas allow the permanent migration of children, of Australian citizens, permanent residents, and eligible New Zealand citizens. The Child visa comprises two categories, namely Child and Adoption visas.
Special Eligibility visas
Special Eligibility visas allow former residents and certain people who served in the Australian Defence Force to live in Australia as permanent residents.
The following table shows the size of permanent migration from New Zealand by migration category.
Table 1: Permanent migrant places granted, 2019–20 to 2022–23
| Migration category | 2019–20 | 2020–21 | 2021–22 | 2022–23 |
|---|
| Business Innovation and Investment | 13 | 17 | 7 | <5 |
| Employer Sponsored | 254 | 246 | 248 | 515 |
| Skilled Independent | 4,300 | 2,939 | 3,557 | 9,876 |
| State/Territory Nominated | 80 | 80 | 90 | 104 |
| Regional
1 | 78 | 55 | 48 | 23 |
| Global Talent (Independent)
2 | 51
| 120 | 55 | 16 |
| Partner | 122 | 327
| 266 | 212 |
| All other categories3 | 99 | 194 | 150 | 107 |
|
Total places granted |
4,997 |
3,978 |
4,421 |
10,853 |
Source: Department of Home Affairs1The Regional migration category commenced 1 July 2019.2Global Talent (Independent) category commenced 4 November 2019.3 Data has been perturbed to protect the privacy of individuals.
Note: To protect the privacy of individuals, various data confidentiality techniques have been applied. These techniques include,
data masking — using primary and secondary suppression methods for values that are deemed to be a disclosure risk and
perturbation — a data security technique that allows for random data adjustment to prevent the release of identifiable data.Temporary migration
People can come to Australia for a temporary stay for a range of purposes, for example, visiting Australia for tourism or attending a conference, or for more specific purposes, such as medical treatment, study, skilled work, working holidays or other specialist activities. There are six main categories of temporary residents, which can cover stays of more than three months in Australia.
Note: Not all categories apply to migrants from each country
Visitor visas
Visitor visas are mostly used by people visiting Australia for holidays, tourism and recreation, or to see family and friends. People may also use Visitor visas for certain short-term business activities that do not entail working in Australia.
Working Holiday Maker Program
The Working Holiday Maker Program allows young adults to have an extended holiday and engage in short-term work and study.
Student visa
The Student visa program enables international students to come to Australia to study full-time in a registered course.
Temporary Resident (Skilled Employment) visa
Allows a business to sponsor a skilled overseas worker if they cannot find an appropriately skilled Australian citizen or permanent resident to fill a skilled position.
Other temporary visas
Other temporary visas include visas that allow people to undertake short-term, non-ongoing highly specialised work, enrich social and cultural development, strengthen international relations or provide training opportunities of benefit to Australia.
New Zealand citizens
Under the 1973 Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, New Zealand citizens can enter and leave Australia freely and live in Australia indefinitely on grant of a Special Category visa (subclass 444).
The following table shows the number of visa grants from New Zealand, for Visitor, Special Category, Student and Temporary Resident (Skilled Employment) visas.
Table 2: Temporary visas granted by selected categories, 2019–20 to 2022–23
| Temporary visa category | 2019–20 | 2020–21 | 2021–22 | 2022–23 |
|---|
| Visitor | 235 | 54 | 89 | 275 |
| Special Category1 | 1,396,835 | 143,023 | 302,226
| 1,428,081 |
| Student | <5 | <5 | 0 | <5 |
| Temporary Resident (Skilled Employment) | 19 | 19 | 23 | 24 |
| Other temporary visa grants
2 | 58 | 48 | 53 | 62 |
|
Total temporary visa grants |
1,397,147 |
143,144 |
302,391 |
1,428,442 |
Source: Department of Home Affairs
1Note: Most New Zealand citizens obtain the Special Category visa (subclass 444) to enter Australia for visiting, studying, working or residing permanently.2Excludes Transit visa (subclass 771), Border visa (subclass 773) and Maritime Crew visa (subclass 988). Data has been perturbed to protect the privacy of individuals.
Note: To protect the privacy of individuals, various data confidentiality techniques have been applied. These techniques include,
data masking — using primary and secondary suppression methods for values that are deemed to be a disclosure risk and
perturbation — a data security technique that allows for random data adjustment to prevent the release of identifiable data.
Main occupations
The following table shows the main occupations for nationals of New Zealand, based on Skill stream migration outcomes and Temporary Resident (Skilled Employment) visa grants.
Table 3: Main occupations, 2019–20 to 2022–23
| Period | Temporary Resident (Skilled Employment) visas | No. of migrants | Skill stream migration | No. of migrants |
|---|
| 2022–23 | Engineering managers | <5 | Registered nurses | 92 |
|---|
| General managers | <5 | Software and applications programmers | 24 |
| Management and organisation analysts | <5 | Civil engineering professionals | 8 |
| University lecturers and tutors | <5 | Computer network professionals | 8 |
| Registered nurses | <5 | Management and organisation analysts | 7 |
| ICT business and systems analysts | <5 | General practitioners and resident medical officers | 7 |
| - | - | Other medical practitioners | 7 |
| - | - | ICT business and systems analysts | 7 |
| - | - | Accountants | 6 |
| - | - | University lecturers and tutors | 6 |
| 2021–22 | Advertising, public relations and sales managers | <5 | ICT business and systems analysts | 34 |
|---|
| Research and development managers | <5 | Database and systems administrators, and ICT security specialists | 20 |
| Land economists and valuers | <5 | Auditors, company secretaries and corporate treasurers | 7 |
| Chemical and materials engineers | <5 | Anaesthetists | 6 |
| Registered nurses | <5 | Multimedia specialists and web developers | 6 |
| Software and applications programmers | <5 | Counsellors | 6 |
| - | - | Vocational education teachers (Aus) / polytechnic teachers (NZ) | <5 |
| - | - | ICT support and test engineers | <5 |
| - | - | Other education managers | <5 |
| - | - | Other information and organisation professionals | <5 |
| 2020–21 | General managers | <5 | Registered nurses | 32 |
|---|
| Advertising, public relations and sales managers | <5 | Software and applications programmers | 17 |
| Engineering managers | <5 | General practitioners and resident medical officers | 9 |
| Other specialist managers | <5 | Other medical practitioners | 8 |
| Technical sales representatives | <5 | Civil engineering professionals | 5 |
| Agricultural and forestry scientists | <5 | University lecturers and tutors | 5 |
| Software and applications programmers | <5 | Specialist physicians | 5 |
| Database and systems administrators, and ICT security specialists | <5 | ICT business and systems analysts | 5 |
| Judicial and other legal professionals | <5 | General managers | <5 |
| Solicitors | <5 | Computer network professionals | <5 |
| 2019–20 | General managers | <5 | Registered nurses | 26 |
|---|
| Engineering managers | <5 | Software and applications programmers | 12 |
| General practitioners and resident medical officers | <5 | University lecturers and tutors | 7 |
| ICT business and systems analysts | <5 | General practitioners and resident medical officers | 5 |
| Motor mechanics | <5 | General managers | <5 |
| - | - | Management and organisation analysts | <5 |
| - | - | Civil engineering professionals | <5 |
| - | - | Other medical practitioners | <5 |
| - | - | ICT business and systems analysts | <5 |
| - | - | Dental practitioners | <5 |
Source: Department of Home Affairs
Note: To protect the privacy of individuals, various data confidentiality techniques have been applied. These techniques include, data masking — using primary and secondary suppression methods for values that are deemed to be a disclosure risk and perturbation — a data security technique that allows for random data adjustment to prevent the release of identifiable data.Note: Occupation level information is available for primary applicants only, and is based on Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations unit level data.
Geographic distribution
The following table shows the geographic distribution of migrants by state and territory, based on permanent additions for the Skill and Family streams, international student visa grants, and Temporary Resident (Skilled Employment) visa grants.
Table 4: Geographic distribution, by state and territory
| Population | NSW | Vic | Qld | SA | WA | Tas | NT | ACT |
|---|
| Census 2021 (%) |
|---|
| Of all persons | 32 | 26 | 20 | 7 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Of New Zealand-born | 22 | 19 | 39 | 3 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Permanent additions - 2022–23 (%) |
|---|
| Skill stream | 24 | 31 | 27 | 2 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Family and Child stream | 24 | 23 | 34 | 4 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Temporary visa grants - 2022–23 (%) |
|---|
| International student visa grants | - | - | 100 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Temporary Resident (Skilled Employment) visa (primary) grants | 29 | 43 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics and Department of Home Affairs
Note: Permanent additions consist of two components; those persons who, while already in Australia on a temporary basis, are granted permanent residence status or those persons who have subsequently arrived from overseas during the reporting period and are entitled to stay permanently in Australia.
Country ranking
This table uses rankings to show the significance of New Zealand migration for the past four financial years.
Table 5: Country ranking, 2019–20 to 2022–23
| Ranked position of migrants | 2019–20 | 2020–21 | 2021–22 | 2022–23 |
|---|
| Population in Australia
1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Regional | 30 | 27 | 29 | 48 |
| Employer Sponsored | 21 | 21 | 20 | 14 |
| Total Skill stream | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 |
| Total Family and Child stream | 37 | 30 | 28 | 33 |
| International students | 148 | 145 | n/a | 162 |
| Temporary Resident (Skilled Employment) visa | 78 | 76 | 75 | 90 |
| Visitors | 116
| 82 | 109 | 118 |
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics and Department of Home Affairs
1Population level data is by country of birth and lags one year behind the financial year specified. Data based on the estimated residential population at 30 June; 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022.